Section 23 (HSA 1956)– (Removed by 2005 Amendment)

Hindu Succession Act, 1956

Section 23 (Removed by 2005 Amendment)

🔹 Short Note (Hindi)

Section 23 pehle daughters ko ghar ki joint family property, especially residential house, me equal right nahi deta tha. Wo sirf stay kar sakti thi, par sale, partition ya possession demand nahi kar sakti thi.
2005 Amendment ne is section ko hata diya — ab daughters ko sons ke barabar right milta hai.

🔹 Detailed Explanation (English + Hindi)

Before 2005, Section 23 said that if there is a joint family house and the father dies intestate, only sons could demand partition or sale of that house. Daughters ko sirf residence ka right hota tha — ownership aur division ka nahi.

This was considered discriminatory and against gender equality.

To correct this, Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 ne Section 23 ko completely remove kar diya.
Ab daughter bhi coparcener ke roop me treat hoti hai, aur unko:

• Equal share
• Right to partition
• Right to demand sale
• Right to possession
• Right to survivorship

milta hai — same as sons.

🔹Main Conditions (Before Removal)

Section 23 tab apply hota tha jab:

1. Residential house ho
2. Father बिना will ke मर गया ho
3. Sons partition demand kar sakte the
4. Daughters owner nahi, sirf occupant hoti thi

2005 ke baad ye sab provisions hata diye gaye.

🔹 Legal Meaning (Simple Terms)

Pehle:
“Betiyan ghar maang nahi sakti thi, bas reh sakti thi.”

Ab:
“Betiyan bhi ghar ka hissa maang sakti hain, bech sakti hain, partition karwa sakti hain — sons ke barabar.”

🔹Example

Pehle wala scenario (Section 23 active):
Ramesh ke death ke baad ghar joint property hai.
Uske 2 bete aur 1 beti hai.
Bete ghar ka partition maang sakte the. Beti nahi kar sakti thi.

Ab (2005 ke baad):
Wahi beti bhi ghar ka बराबरी wala हिस्सा claim kar sakti hai.

🔹 Key Legal Points

• Section 23 discriminatory provision tha
• Sirf married/unmarried daughter tak limited nahi, sab daughters pe effect hota tha
• 2005 Amendment ne daughters ki legal status modify ki
• Ab daughter = coparcener with full rights
• Partition, sale, possession all rights equal to sons

🔹 Nyay Neeti Advice

• Agar aap daughter ho aur family property me hissa deny kiya ja raha hai iska reason dekar ki “Section 23 ke hisaab se beti ko right nahi hai,” to ye galat hai.
• 2005 ke baad koi bhi aisa argument valid nahi hai
• Aap apna share civil court ya mediation ke through claim kar sakte ho
• Written notice, legal notice ya partition suit file kiya ja sakta hai

🔹Summary Table