Transfer of Property Act, 1882
Section 122 – Gift
🔹 Short Note (Hindi)
Section 122 kehta hai ki gift ek voluntary transfer hai jisme ek insaan apni property ka interest bina consideration ke kisi aur ko deta hai. Gift me property ka ownership turant aur legally transferee ko transfer ho jata hai.
🔹 Detailed Explanation (English + Hindi)
Section 122 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 defines gift as a voluntary transfer of property by one person (donor) to another (donee) without any consideration, intended to be immediate and irrevocable.
- Gift ke liye donor ka clear intention hona chahiye ki property donee ko dena hai.
- Donee ko accept karna zaroori hai, warna gift incomplete rahega.
- Property movable ya immovable dono ho sakti hai, lekin immovable property ke liye written document aur registration mandatory hai.
🔹 Main Conditions
- Donor Must Be Competent:
- Major and of sound mind, not disqualified by law.
- Donee Must Accept:
- Gift tabhi complete hota hai jab donee ne acceptance dikhayi.
- Voluntary Transfer:
- Gift bina consideration ke hona chahiye.
- Property Type:
- Movable ya immovable property.
- Documentation:
- Immovable property ke liye written gift deed aur registration required.
🔹 Legal Meaning (Simple Terms)
Section 122 ka matlab hai:
- Ek insaan apni property ko free of cost kisi aur ko dena chaahta hai
- Donor ka intention clear hona chahiye
- Donee ko accept karna mandatory hai
- Gift complete hone par ownership transferee ke paas legally chali jaati hai
🔹 Example
Ramesh apni zameen apni beti Seema ko gift karta hai.
- Donor ka intention clear hai
- Seema ne accept kiya
- Written gift deed banaya aur register kiya
- Property ka ownership Seema ke paas turant chala gaya
🔹 Key Legal Points
- Gift = voluntary and immediate transfer without consideration
- Donor must be legally competent
- Donee acceptance essential
- Immovable property requires written deed and registration
- Once complete, gift is irrevocable
- Protects rights of both donor and donee
🔹 Nyay Neeti Advice
Gift karte waqt proper documentation aur registration zaroor karein, especially immovable property ke liye.
- Donor ka intention clear mention karein
- Donee ki acceptance likhit me ensure karein
- Nyay Neeti recommends: avoid verbal gifts for immovable property to prevent disputes
🔹 Summary Table
| Point | Details |
|---|---|
| Law | Section 122, TPA 1882 |
| Meaning | Voluntary transfer of property without consideration |
| Parties | Donor (giver) and Donee (receiver) |
| Acceptance | Mandatory by donee |
| Property Type | Movable or immovable |
| Documentation | Written deed + registration for immovable property |
| Legal Effect | Ownership transfers immediately and irrevocably |
