🔹Order 6 – Pleadings (CPC, 1908)
🔹Short Note (Hindi):
Order 6 batata hai ki court me case ladne ke liye dono parties apne side ki baat likhit me kaise rakhegi.
Is likhit bayan ko hi “Pleadings” kehte hain — jisme plaintiff apna claim likhta hai (Plaint) aur defendant apna jawab (Written Statement).
Simple words me, pleading means “story of the case in written form.”
🔹Full Description (English + Hindi):
🔹 What are Pleadings?
“Pleadings” matlab wo documents jisme case ke facts likhe jaate hain —
- Plaint – by the Plaintiff (jo case file karta hai)
- Written Statement – by the Defendant (jo reply karta hai)
Ye dono milkar hi court ko case samajhne me help karte hain.
🔹 Purpose of Pleadings:
- Case ke facts ko clear aur organized banana.
- Dono parties ko ek dusre ke case ka poora idea dena.
- Unnecessary confusion, surprise aur irrelevant discussion ko avoid karna.
- Court ko matter samajhne me asani dena.
🔹 Main Rules under Order 6:
Rule 1 – Meaning of Pleading:
Pleading ka matlab hai written statement of facts (not law or evidence).
Matlab parties ko facts likhne hain, na ki kanoon ya evidence.
Rule 2 – Content of Pleadings:
- Pleading me sirf material facts likhne hote hain.
- Har fact short and precise hona chahiye.
- Evidence likhna mana hai (sirf facts likho, proof nahi).
Rule 4 – Particulars in Certain Cases:
Fraud, misrepresentation, undue influence jaise serious cases me details (particulars) likhne zaruri hain.
Rule 7 – No Departure:
Plaintiff aur Defendant apni pleading ke baad baat badal nahi sakte, jab tak amendment na li jaye.
Rule 17 – Amendment of Pleadings:
Court ke permission se pleadings me change (amendment) kiya ja sakta hai, agar justice ke liye zaruri ho.
🔹 Types of Pleadings:
- Plaint – filed by Plaintiff (explains what he wants and why).
- Written Statement – filed by Defendant (gives his defence).
- Replication / Rejoinder – Plaintiff ka reply to Written Statement (optional).
🔹 Golden Rules of Pleading:
- Facts not law – sirf facts likho, kanoon nahi.
- Facts not evidence – sirf bataye kya hua, kaise prove karoge wo nahi.
- Clarity and brevity – clear aur short raho.
- Consistency – ek baat likh di to baad me badal nahi sakte.
- All material facts – koi important fact chhodo mat.
🔹 Example:
Ravi ne Shyam ke against property dispute ka case file kiya.
Usne apni Plaint me likha ki Shyam ne illegal construction kiya hai uski zameen par.
Shyam ne apni Written Statement me likha ki zameen uske naam registered hai.
Ab dono ke facts ke base par court decide karegi case ka result.
🔹 Important Case Laws:
- Virendra Kashinath vs Vinayak N. Joshi (1999) – Facts likhna zaruri hai, legal inference nahi.
- Ram Sarup Gupta vs Bishun Narain Inter College (1987) – Pleadings liberally interpret hone chahiye justice ke interest me.
- Usha Balashaheb Swami vs Kiran Appaso Swami (2007) – Amendment of pleadings allowed when needed for justice.
🔹Summary Table:
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Order | Order 6 CPC |
| Subject | Pleadings – Rules & Format |
| Documents | Plaint & Written Statement |
| Purpose | To define issues and avoid confusion |
| Cannot Include | Evidence or law points |
| Amendment | Allowed with court’s permission |
| Key Case Law | Usha Balashaheb Swami vs Kiran Appaso Swami (2007) |
🔹Nyay Neeti Advice:
- Pleading me facts clearly likhna sabse zaruri hai, warna case weak ho jata hai.
- Koshish karo ki har pleading truthful, complete aur consistent ho.
- Agar koi galti ho jaye, to Rule 17 ke under amendment le sakte ho.
