🔹Order 5 CPC – Issue & Service of Summons (CPC, 1908)
🔹Short Note (Hindi):
Order 5 batata hai ki jab koi civil case file hota hai, to defendant (jiske khilaf case hai) ko case ki jankari dena court ka duty hoti hai.
Isko hi kehte hain “Summons serve karna”, jisse defendant ko pata chale ki uske against case file hua hai aur usse court me present hona hai.
🔹Full Description (English + Hindi):
🔹 What is a Summons?
Summons ek official notice hoti hai jo court issue karti hai defendant ko — taaki wo court me appear ho aur apni side rakhe.
Ye legal process ensure karta hai ki nobody is condemned unheard (kisi ko sune bina decision na ho).
🔹 Purpose of Order 5:
- Defendant ko case ki information dena.
- Defendant ko court me present hone ka mauka dena.
- Fair trial ensure karna, bina kisi ex-parte decision ke.
🔹 Issue of Summons (Rule 1–2):
- Jab court plaint (case file) accept karti hai, to summons issue hota hai defendant ke naam.
- Summons ke sath plaint ka copy (case details) bhejna mandatory hai.
🔹 Who Serves the Summons? (Rule 9–10):
- Summons ko court ka officer (process server) ya kabhi kabhi registered post se bheja jata hai.
- Court verify karti hai ki notice sahi person ko mila hai ya nahi.
🔹 Modes of Service (Rule 9–30):
- Personal Service:
Summons defendant ko directly diya jata hai. - Registered Post / Courier:
Agar defendant door rehta hai, to post se bheja jata hai. - Through Plaintiff:
Kuch cases me plaintiff (jo case file karta hai) summons serve kar sakta hai court ke permission se. - Substituted Service (Rule 20):
Agar defendant notice lene se inkar kare ya trace na ho, to newspaper me notice publish kiya jata hai.
🔹 Service on Government / Corporation:
- Government ke case me notice Section 80 CPC ke rules ke according diya jata hai.
- Corporation ya Company ke case me notice unke registered office par diya jata hai.
🔹 Proof of Service (Rule 18–19):
Court ko ye dekhna zaruri hai ki summons sahi tarah se deliver hua.
Process server ko affidavit aur signature ke sath proof dena hota hai.
🔹 When Summons is Not Served:
Agar summons deliver nahi hota (defendant unavailable, wrong address, etc.), to court re-issue karti hai aur alternative service allow kar sakti hai.
🔹 Effect of Non-Service:
Agar defendant ko summons sahi se nahi mila, to court ex-parte (bina defendant ke) decision nahi le sakti, kyunki natural justice rule break hota hai.
🔹 Example:
Ravi ne Shyam ke khilaf property dispute ka case file kiya.
Court ne Order 5 ke tahat Shyam ko summons issue kiya jisme likha tha ki wo 15 din me appear ho.
Agar Shyam summon receive karne ke baad bhi nahi aata, to court ex-parte order de sakti hai.
🔹 Important Case Laws:
- Yallawwa vs Shantavva (1997) – Summons serve karna natural justice ka essential part hai.
- Neerja Realtors vs Janglu (2018) – Proper service of summons mandatory hai before proceeding ex-parte.
- State of M.P. vs Hiralal (1996) – Substituted service allowed only when personal service is not possible.
🔹Summary Table:
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Order | Order 5 CPC |
| Subject | Issue and Service of Summons |
| Purpose | To inform defendant about the case |
| Service Modes | Personal, Post, Through Plaintiff, Newspaper (Substituted) |
| Proof Required | Yes (affidavit/signature) |
| Effect of Non-Service | Case cannot proceed ex-parte |
| Key Case Law | Neerja Realtors vs Janglu (2018) |
🔹Nyay Neeti Advice:
- Hamesha ensure karo ki summons validly served hua hai, warna case delay ya dismiss ho sakta hai.
- Agar defendant deliberately summon receive nahi kar raha, to substituted service (newspaper notice) ek strong option hai.
- Plaintiff ko apna address aur document sahi dena chahiye taaki summons properly deliver ho.
