🔹Order 21 – Execution of Decree (CPC, 1908)
🔹Short Note (Hindi):
Order 21 batata hai ki jab court ne faisla (decree) de diya ho, to us faisle ko kaise implement (execute) kiya jaayega.
Iska simple matlab hai — “jeetne wale ko nyay ka result milna chahiye.”
🔹Full Description (English + Hindi):
🔹 Meaning:
“Execution” ka matlab hota hai — court ke decree ko practically enforce karna, jisse decree-holder (jiske favour me judgement aayi) ko uska haq mil sake.
Example: Court ne order diya ki A ko B se ₹1 lakh milna chahiye — ab ye paisa milwane ki process “execution” kehlati hai.
🔹 Purpose of Order 21:
- To ensure that the winning party gets the actual benefit of the judgment.
- To provide a clear procedure for enforcement of decrees and orders.
- To protect both — decree-holder’s rights and judgment-debtor’s legal safeguards.
🔹 Key Points under Order 21:
Rule 10 – Application for Execution:
Decree-holder ko court me execution application deni hoti hai jahan decree pass hui thi.
Rule 11 – Oral or Written Application:
Court me decree-holder oral ya written dono tarike se application de sakta hai.
Rule 17 – Defective Application:
Agar execution application me koi defect hai, to court usse rectify (sudhar) karne ka mauka deti hai.
Rule 24 – Issue of Process:
Court execution ke liye warrant of attachment, sale, delivery of property, etc. issue karti hai.
Rule 30 – Mode of Execution (Money Decree):
Money decree ko execute karne ke 3 tareeke:
- Attachment of property (movable/immovable)
- Arrest and detention of judgment-debtor
- Both together, depending on situation
Rule 32 – Specific Performance / Injunction Decree:
Agar kisi ne order follow nahi kiya (like specific performance ya injunction), to court uske property ko attach ya sell kar sakti hai.
Rule 35 – Possession of Immovable Property:
Court property ke possession ka actual handover karwati hai decree-holder ko.
Rule 41 – Examination of Judgment-Debtor:
Court debtor se income, property aur assets ke baare me pooch sakti hai, taaki recovery ho sake.
Rule 64 – Sale of Attached Property:
Court attached property ko auction (public sale) me bech sakti hai aur usse paise recover kiye jaate hain.
Rule 97–106 – Resistance or Obstruction in Execution:
Agar koi decree ke execution me rukawat (obstruction) karta hai, to court police force ka use karke possession dilwa sakti hai.
🔹 Types of Decrees Executed under Order 21:
- Money Decree – Property attachment/sale.
- Decree for Possession – Property handover.
- Decree for Specific Performance/Injunction – Compliance forcefully karwana.
- Partition Decree – Property divide karwana.
🔹 Example:
Court ne judgement diya ki Ramesh ko Suresh se ₹2 lakh milna chahiye.
Suresh ne paisa nahi diya.
Ramesh ne execution file ki.
Court ne Suresh ki property attach karke auction karwa di, aur Ramesh ko uska paisa mil gaya.
🔹Yehi hota hai “Execution of Decree.”
🔹 Important Case Laws:
- Topanmal Chhotamal v. Kundomal Gangaram (1960) – Execution is the stage where the rights granted by a decree are enforced.
- Ghanshyam Das v. Anant Kumar Sinha (1991) – Execution proceedings are continuation of suit.
- Hiralal Patni v. Loonkaran Sethiya (1962) – Execution cannot go beyond the decree.
🔹Summary Table:
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Order | Order 21 CPC |
| Subject | Execution of Decree |
| Meaning | Enforcement of court’s decree or judgment |
| Filed By | Decree-holder |
| Against | Judgment-debtor |
| Modes of Execution | Attachment, Arrest, Sale, Possession |
| Key Rules | 10–106 |
| Court Power | To compel obedience and deliver justice |
🔹Nyay Neeti Advice:
- Jab aap case jeet jao, to execution petition file karna na bhoolo, warna decree bas paper ban kar reh jaayegi.
- Execution file karne ka limitation period 12 years hota hai (Article 136, Limitation Act).
- Court ke order ke against obstruction illegal hai — police help li ja sakti hai.
- Execution me real justice tab milta hai jab decree-holder ko uska haq mil jaaye.
