🔹 IPC Sections 463–471 – Forgery & Fake Documents
🔹 Short Note (Hindi):
Agar koi vyakti jhootha document ya nakli signature bana kar kisi ko dhokha deta hai ya apna fayda uthata hai, to usse “forgery” (nakli dastavej banana) kehte hain.
Ye act Section 463 to 471 IPC ke under punishable hai.
🔹 Full Description (English + Hindi):
🔹 Section 463 – Definition of Forgery:
“Whoever makes any false document or part of a document, with intent to cause damage or injury to the public or to any person, or to support any claim or title, or to cause any person to part with property, is said to commit forgery.”
Simple words me:
Agar koi nakli document banata hai ya asli document me jhoot likh kar use badal deta hai, aur kisi ko nuksan pahuchata hai — to ye forgery kehlata hai.
Example:
Fake property paper, fake Aadhaar, ya forged signature se paisa lena — ye sab forgery ke examples hain.
🔹 Section 464 – Making a False Document:
Is section me bataya gaya hai ki kaise koi document “false” mana jaata hai.
Agar kisi ne:
- Dusre ke naam se document sign kiya bina unki permission ke,
- Asli document me jhoot ya galat information likh di,
- Ya kisi genuine document ko modify kiya apne fayde ke liye —
To wo false document kehlata hai.
🔹 Section 465 – Punishment for Forgery:
- Imprisonment up to 2 years, or
- Fine, or both.
Ye basic forgery cases ke liye hai.
🔹 Section 466 – Forgery of Public Records / Court Documents:
Agar forgery government ya court record me ki gayi ho — jaise fake birth certificate, fake order, ya fake affidavit —
To punishment zyada serious hai:
🔹 Up to 7 years imprisonment + fine.
🔹 Section 467 – Forgery of Valuable Security, Will, or Authority to Transfer Property:
Agar fake document valuable paper se related ho — jaise cheque, will, power of attorney, ya bond —
To ye major forgery hai.
🔹 Punishment: Life imprisonment or up to 10 years + fine.
🔹 Section 468 – Forgery for Purpose of Cheating:
Agar fake document cheating karne ke intention se banaya gaya ho —
🔹 Punishment: Up to 7 years + fine.
Example: Fake degree certificate ya fake ID banakar job lena.
🔹 Section 469 – Forgery for Harming Reputation:
Agar forgery se kisi ki image ya reputation ko damage karne ka intention ho —
🔹Punishment: Up to 3 years + fine.
Example: Kisi ke naam se fake obscene letter likhna ya viral karna.
🔹 Section 470 – Definition of Forged Document:
A document which is made fraudulently or dishonestly, pretending to be made by someone else — is called a forged document.
🔹 Section 471 – Using Forged Document as Genuine:
Agar koi vyakti jaante hue bhi fake document ko asli batakar use karta hai, to wo bhi same offence ka guilty hota hai.
🔹Punishment: Same as the person who actually committed forgery.
Example:
Aapne khud document fake nahi banaya, par us fake certificate ka use kiya — to bhi aap par Section 471 lagega.
🔹 Summary Table:
| Section | Offence | Punishment |
|---|---|---|
| 463 | Definition of Forgery | — |
| 465 | Simple Forgery | Up to 2 years + fine |
| 466 | Forgery of Court/Public Record | Up to 7 years + fine |
| 467 | Forgery of Valuable Security / Will | Life imprisonment or 10 years + fine |
| 468 | Forgery for Cheating | Up to 7 years + fine |
| 469 | Forgery for Defamation | Up to 3 years + fine |
| 471 | Using Forged Document as Genuine | Same as forger’s punishment |
🔹 Explanation (Hindi):
Forgery ka main aim hota hai fake document bana kar kisi ko nuksan pahuchana ya apna fayda uthana.
Chahe document banane wala ho ya use karne wala — dono punishable hain.
🔹 Common Real-Life Examples:
- Fake school/college certificates
- Forged property papers
- Fake cheque ya bank draft
- Duplicate PAN/Aadhaar card
- Fake police or government ID cards
- Altered agreement ya contract
- Fake signatures on legal papers
🔹 Punishment Nature:
- Cognizable, Non-bailable
- Trial by Magistrate or Sessions Court (depending on section severity)
🔹 Nyay Neeti View (Legal Awareness):
Forgery cases directly affect public trust and system credibility.
Isliye IPC me iske liye alag-alag strict punishments rakhi gayi hain — taaki koi bhi fake documents se dusron ka nuksan na kare.
🔹 Nyay Neeti Advice:
Agar aapko kabhi koi fake document mile ya forgery ka doubt ho:
📞 Report to nearest police station (under Sec. 463–471 IPC)
💻 For online document fraud — visit cybercrime.gov.in
📄 Keep proofs like screenshots, e-mails, document copies
🧾 Never sign or forward unknown documents without verification
