🔹 IPC Sections 415 & 420 – Cheating and Fraud
🔹 Short Note (Hindi):
Agar koi vyakti dusre ko jhooth bolkar, galat promise karke ya dhokha dekar usse paisa, maal, ya koi faida le leta hai — to wo “cheating” kehlata hai.
Iska matlab hai kisi ko intentionally mislead karna aur usse nuksan pahuchana.
🔹 Full Description (English + Hindi):
🔹 Section 415 – Definition of Cheating:
“Whoever, by deceiving any person, fraudulently or dishonestly induces that person to deliver any property or to do or omit to do something which he would not do or omit if he were not so deceived, is said to ‘cheat’.”
Simple words me:
Agar koi kisi ko jhoot bolkar ya trust todkar paisa ya property le, ya galat kaam karne par majboor kare — to ye cheating (Section 415) kehlata hai.
Example:
Ek aadmi ne kaha ki wo company ka agent hai aur aapse investment karwa liya — baad me pata chala company fake thi. Ye Section 415 IPC ka case hai.
🔹 Section 420 – Cheating and Dishonestly Inducing Delivery of Property:
Jab cheating ke zariye kisi se paisa, maal, ya property li jaye, tab Section 420 IPC lagta hai.
Punishment:
- Up to 7 years imprisonment,
- Fine, or both.
Example:
Agar koi vyakti online product bechne ka jhootha promise karke advance payment le aur product deliver na kare — ye Section 420 ke under aata hai.
🔹 Main Difference Between Section 415 and Section 420:
| Point | Section 415 | Section 420 |
|---|---|---|
| Nature | Defines “cheating” | Applies when property or money is obtained by cheating |
| Punishment | Depends on case | Up to 7 years + fine |
| Example | Lying for personal benefit | Taking money through false promise |
🔹 Essential Elements of Cheating:
- Deception (Dhokha): Person must deceive another.
- Dishonest Intention: Must be from the beginning of the deal.
- Inducement: Person should be influenced to do or not do something.
- Loss or Damage: The victim should suffer financial or mental loss.
🔹 Explanation (Hindi):
Agar kisi ka intention starting se galat tha, aur usne jhoot bolkar paisa, property, ya trust hasil kiya, to wo cheating kehlata hai.
Par agar galti se ya baad me situation change hui, to wo cheating nahi hoti.
🔹 Common Real-Life Examples:
- Fake job offer ke naam pe registration fees lena.
- Online shopping me payment le kar product na dena.
- Property sale me jhoothi documents dikhana.
- Bank loan ya insurance ke liye false documents banana.
- Relationship ya marriage fraud (fake profile banakar trust todna).
🔹 Punishment :
| Section | Offence | Punishment |
|---|---|---|
| 415 | Cheating (definition) | Depends on situation |
| 420 | Cheating and fraud for money/property | Up to 7 years + fine |
Nature of Offence:
- Cognizable, Non-bailable, and Compoundable (with court permission).
🔹 Related Sections:
- Sec. 406–409: Criminal breach of trust
- Sec. 463–471: Forgery and use of fake documents
- Sec. 468–471: Fraudulent documents and records
🔹 Nyay Neeti View (Legal Awareness):
Aaj kal cheating aur fraud ke cases sabse zyada online aur financial sector me badh rahe hain.
Law ka main aim hai — citizens ko protect karna un logon se jo jhoot ya trick se unka paisa ya property lete hain.
🔹 Nyay Neeti Advice:
Agar aap victim hain:
📞 Contact Police helpline – 112
💻 For online fraud, report on cybercrime.gov.in
📂 Gather proofs like chats, bank records, transaction IDs
📄 File FIR under Section 420 IPC at your nearest police station
