🔹 IPC Sections 406–409 – Criminal Breach of Trust (Misuse of Money or Property)
🔹Short Note (Hindi):
Jab koi vyakti kisi ka paisa ya property trust ke under rakhta hai aur fir uska galat istemal karta hai, to use Criminal Breach of Trust kehte hain.
Ye kanoon un logo ke liye hai jo faith todte hain — jaise employee, partner, ya agent jo diya gaya paisa misuse karta hai.
🔹 Full Description (English + Hindi):
🔹 Meaning (Section 405):
“Whoever, being entrusted with property or with any dominion over property, dishonestly misappropriates or converts it to his own use, or violates any direction of law, commits criminal breach of trust.”
Simple words me:
Agar kisi ko kisi ka paisa, maal, ya property trust karke diya gaya ho aur wo uska galat fayda uthaye ya apne kaam me lagaye, to ye criminal breach of trust kehlata hai.
Example:
Ek employee ko company ne ₹1 lakh client ke payment ke liye diya, par usne wo paisa apne personal kaam me use kar liya — ye Section 405/406 ke under aata hai.
🔹 Section 406 – Punishment for Criminal Breach of Trust:
Imprisonment up to 3 years, or fine, or both.
Simple words me:
Agar aapne kisi ka paisa ya cheez apne personal kaam ke liye use ki, to 3 saal tak jail ho sakti hai.
🔹 Section 407 – Breach of Trust by Carrier / Warehouse Keeper:
Agar koi transport company, warehouse keeper, ya delivery agent kisi ka maal chhupata hai ya misuse karta hai, to ye section lagta hai.
Punishment: Up to 7 years imprisonment + fine.
Example:
A courier company ne customer ka parcel apne paas rakha aur use bech diya — ye Section 407 hai.
🔹 Section 408 – Breach of Trust by Clerk or Servant:
Jab koi employee ya servant apne employer ke paisa ya goods ka misuse karta hai.
Punishment: Up to 7 years imprisonment + fine.
Example:
Ek accountant ne company ke cash me se ₹50,000 nikal liye — ye Section 408 ke under offence hai.
🔹 Section 409 – Breach of Trust by Public Servant, Banker, Merchant, or Agent:
Ye section un logo ke liye hai jo public trust ya financial trust me involved hote hain — jaise bank officers, public servants, ya agents.
Punishment: Life imprisonment, or up to 10 years + fine.
Example:
Ek bank manager ne depositors ke paisa apne account me transfer kar liya — ye Section 409 ke under aata hai.
🔹 Difference Between Theft and Breach of Trust:
| Basis | Theft | Criminal Breach of Trust |
|---|---|---|
| Possession | Without permission | With permission (entrusted) |
| Act | Directly stealing | Misusing entrusted money/property |
| Example | Someone steals cash from a drawer | Employee misuses given company funds |
🔹 Explanation (Hindi):
Criminal breach of trust tab hota hai jab aap kisi ka paisa ya maal apne pass legally lete ho, par baad me uska misuse karte ho.
Law ka main motive hai — faith aur honesty protect karna between two parties.
🔹Punishment :
| Section | Offender Type | Punishment |
|---|---|---|
| 406 | General breach | Up to 3 years + fine |
| 407 | Carrier, warehouse keeper | Up to 7 years + fine |
| 408 | Employee / Clerk | Up to 7 years + fine |
| 409 | Public servant, banker, merchant, agent | Life imprisonment / up to 10 years + fine |
All are Cognizable, Non-Bailable, and Non-compoundable offences.
🔹Related Sections:
- Sec. 403: Dishonest misappropriation of property
- Sec. 415–420: Cheating
- Sec. 378–382: Theft
🔹Nyay Neeti View (Legal Awareness):
Ye sections logon ko apna trust misuse hone se bachate hain.
Agar kisi ne aapka paisa, maal ya account ka misuse kiya hai, to ye ek serious offence hai.
Court me proof dena hota hai ki property aapne trust karke di thi aur uska misuse hua.
🔹Nyay Neeti Advice:
Agar aap victim hain:
📞 Contact Police (Dial 112)
📄 File FIR under Sections 406–409 IPC
📂 Collect evidence like messages, transactions, receipts
💻 If it’s an online financial misuse, report on cybercrime.gov.in
