🔹 Section 54 CrPC – Right to Medical Examination After Arrest
🔹Short Note (Hindi):
Section 54 CrPC kehta hai ki jab bhi kisi vyakti ko arrest kiya jata hai, to usse medical examination karwane ka adhikar hota hai — taaki agar uske saath police ne koi physical injury, harassment, ya torture kiya ho, to uske proof turant mil sake.
Ye section ek protective right hai jo arrested person ke human rights ko protect karta hai.
🔹Full Description (English + Hindi):
🔹 What Section 54 Says:
“When a person is arrested, and he alleges that his body shows marks of injuries or signs of violence caused by police or any other person, the Magistrate shall direct a medical examination by a registered medical practitioner.”
Yani agar koi arrested person bole ki uske body pe marks hain, ya police ne maar-peet ki, to magistrate ko uska medical check-up karwana zaruri hota hai.
🔹 Purpose of Section 54:
Section 54 ka main maksad hai police ke misuse ya custodial violence ko rokna.
Ye ensure karta hai ki arrest ke dauran koi torture ya ill-treatment na ho aur agar ho bhi, to uska recorded medical proof ho jaye.
Isse court me proof milta hai ki kya police ne galat tarike se arrest ya torture kiya tha.
🔹 Who Can Demand Medical Examination:
- Arrested person khud demand kar sakta hai
- Uske lawyer, relative ya friend bhi request kar sakte hain
- Magistrate apne level par bhi order de sakta hai
🔹 When Medical Examination is Necessary:
- Jab person ke body par visible injuries ho
- Jab person bole ki uske saath physical abuse hua hai
- Jab person custody me mare zakhmi hua ho
- Jab person rape ya sexual offence ka victim ho (Section 53A also applies here)
🔹Example:
Manoj ko police ne arrest kiya aur custody me uske body pe injuries ho gayi.
Court me usne bola — “Mujhe maar peet ki gayi.”
Magistrate ne Section 54 ke under medical test order kiya jisse sabit hua ki uske saath police ne violence kiya.
Result: Police officials ke khilaf case chala.
🔹 Difference Between Section 53 & Section 54:
| Basis | Section 53 | Section 54 |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Medical exam for collecting evidence | Medical exam to protect arrestee’s rights |
| Who Orders | Police officer | Magistrate |
| When Used | To prove offence | To prove abuse or injuries |
| Focus | Crime investigation | Human rights protection |
🔹Important Case Laws:
- Sheela Barse vs State of Maharashtra (1983)
Supreme Court ne kaha – “Every arrested person must have access to medical check-up to prevent custodial torture.” - D.K. Basu vs State of West Bengal (1997)
Court ne clear direction diya – “Medical examination of arrested person every 48 hours is mandatory.”
🔹Constitutional Support:
Article 21 – Right to Life and Personal Liberty
Article 22 – Protection in cases of arrest
Ye dono Article ensure karte hain ki arrest ke dauran kisi bhi insaan ke health, dignity, aur safety ko harm na ho.
🔹NyayNeeti Advice:
Agar aap arrest hue hain aur aapko police ne maara ya torture kiya hai:
- Turant Magistrate ke samne medical test ki demand kijiye (Section 54 CrPC ke under).
- Report ki copy rakhiye — ye aapke proof ke roop me kaam aayegi.
- Aap apne lawyer ya family se turant inform kijiye.
- Human Rights Commission me complaint bhi kar sakte hain.
🔹Summary Table:
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Section Number | 54 CrPC |
| Law Type | Criminal Procedure Code |
| Subject | Right to medical examination after arrest |
| Purpose | Protection from police torture and abuse |
| Who Can Demand | Arrested person / Magistrate |
| When Ordered | If injuries or allegations of violence |
| Supported By | Article 21 & 22 – Constitution of India |
| Famous Case | Sheela Barse vs State of Maharashtra (1983) |
