🔹 Section 50 CrPC – Right to Know Grounds of Arrest + Right to Bail
🔹 Short Note (Hindi):
Section 50 CrPC kehta hai ki agar kisi person ko police arrest karti hai, to usse turant batana zaruri hai ki usse kyon arrest kiya gaya hai, aur agar offence bailable hai to uska bail lene ka right bhi usse batana hoga.
Ye section ek basic legal protection hai jo har citizen ke dignity aur freedom ko secure karta hai.
🔹 Full Description (English + Hindi):
🔹 Section 50 – Information to Person Arrested:
Section 50 CrPC ensures transparency and fairness in the arrest process.
Police ya koi bhi authorized officer jab kisi ko arrest karta hai, to wo “grounds of arrest” batane ke liye legally bound hai.
“Every person who is arrested has the right to know why he/she is being arrested, and if the offence is bailable, he/she must be informed that bail can be granted.”
🔹 Purpose of Section 50:
Ye section arbitrary arrest aur police misuse ko rokta hai.
Iska main maksad hai ki kisi bhi citizen ko bina wajah ya bina proper information ke arrest na kiya ja sake.
🔹 Section 50(1) – Grounds of Arrest:
Jab bhi police kisi person ko arrest karti hai, to use turant batana hota hai ki arrest kis offence ke liye kiya gaya hai.
🔹 Example:
Police bole — “Aapko Section 420 IPC ke tahat cheating ke case me arrest kiya ja raha hai.”
Agar police ye information nahi deti, to arrest illegal maana jata hai.
🔹 Section 50(2) – Right to Bail (If Bailable Offence):
Agar offence bailable hai, to arrest karne wale officer ko person ko inform karna hota hai ki wo bail le sakta hai.
🔹Example:
“Aapka offence bailable hai, aap bail apply kar sakte hain.”
Agar ye information nahi di jati, to police fundamental rights violate karti hai.
🔹 Constitutional Support (Article 22):
Article 22(1) of the Indian Constitution kehta hai –
“No person who is arrested shall be denied the right to be informed of the reasons for his arrest and to consult a lawyer of his choice.”
Yani Section 50 CrPC directly Article 22 ke fundamental right ko protect karta hai.
🔹Real-Life Example:
Ek aadmi ko police ne fraud ke suspicion me arrest kar liya, bina bataye ki kis FIR ya kis offence me.
Court ne kaha —
“Arrest without informing reasons is a clear violation of Section 50 and Article 22.”
Aur us aadmi ko release kar diya gaya.
🔹Important Case Laws:
- Joginder Kumar vs State of U.P. (1994)
Supreme Court ne kaha – “Arrest should not be routine. Police must inform reasons and respect the person’s liberty.” - D.K. Basu vs State of West Bengal (1997)
Court ne arrest ke dauran mandatory information disclosure ko compulsory banaya.
🔹Difference Between Section 50 & Section 51:
| Basis | Section 50 | Section 51 |
|---|---|---|
| Focus | Informing grounds of arrest & bail right | Search of arrested person |
| Type | Legal right of arrestee | Police procedural power |
| Purpose | Protects liberty & transparency | Collects evidence |
🔹NyayNeeti Advice:
Agar aapko police arrest karti hai:
- Arrest ka reason poochhiye.
- Agar offence bailable hai, to bail ke bare me poochhiye.
- Agar police reason nahi batati, to aap court ya Human Rights Commission me complaint kar sakte hain.
- Aapko apne lawyer se baat karne ka constitutional right hai.
🔹Summary Table:
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Section Number | 50 CrPC |
| Law Type | Criminal Procedure Code |
| Subject | Right to know arrest reason + right to bail |
| Purpose | Protects liberty & prevents arbitrary arrest |
| Applicable To | Every arrested person |
| Supported By | Article 22(1) – Constitution of India |
| Violation Result | Arrest declared illegal |
| Famous Case | Joginder Kumar vs State of U.P. (1994) |
