🔹 Section 46 CrPC – Arrest Kaise Hoga (How Arrest is Made)
🔹Short Note (Hindi):
Section 46 CrPC batata hai ki arrest karne ka proper legal tarika kya hai.
Police ya authorized officer jab kisi vyakti ko arrest karti hai, to uske liye ek legal process follow karna zaruri hota hai — force use karna allowed hai, par limited extent tak hi.
🔹Full Description (English + Hindi):
🔹 Section 46 – How Arrest is Made:
Criminal Procedure Code ke Section 46 ke according, arrest ka matlab hai –
“Kisi person ko custody me lena, uski freedom temporarily restrict karna, taaki wo law ke saamne present ho sake.”
Lekin is arrest process me police ko kuch rules and limits follow karni hoti hain — bina reason, bina respect ke, ya unnecessary force se arrest illegal maana jata hai.
🔹 Arrest Ka Tarika (Steps of Legal Arrest):
- Physical Touch or Submission
- Police officer ko person ko physically touch karke ya clearly custody me lene ka act karna hota hai.Agar person khud surrender kar deta hai, to physical touch zaruri nahi hota.
Agar police bole “Aap arrest me hain” aur person cooperate kare, to bina hath lagaye bhi arrest valid hai.
- Information About Arrest Reason
- Police ko har arrest ka reason batana zaruri hai.Agar police reason nahi batati, to wo illegal arrest kehlata hai (Article 22 of Constitution).
“Aapko Section 420 ke tahat cheating case me arrest kiya ja raha hai.”
- Use of Force (Only If Necessary)
- Agar person arrest se bachne ki koshish kare, to police reasonable force use kar sakti hai.Lekin unnecessary violence strictly prohibited hai.
Force sirf utna hi use ho jitna zaruri ho — “No excessive or brutal force.”
- Death During Arrest (Section 46(3))
- Agar koi person arrest se bachne ke liye bhaagta hai aur police ke warning ke baad bhi rukta nahi,
to police use of deadly force (shoot) kar sakti hai,
par sirf grave offences (jaise murder, robbery) me hi.
- Agar koi person arrest se bachne ke liye bhaagta hai aur police ke warning ke baad bhi rukta nahi,
- Special Rule for Women (Section 46(4))
- Sunset to Sunrise (6 PM – 6 AM) ke beech aurat ko arrest nahi kiya ja sakta,
unless magistrate ka written permission ho.Arrest female police officer ke dwara hi kiya jana chahiye.
Agar raat me arrest zaruri hai, to magistrate se written order lena compulsory hai. - Sunset to Sunrise (6 PM – 6 AM) ke beech aurat ko arrest nahi kiya ja sakta,
🔹 Rights of Arrested Person (Must-Know):
Every arrested person ke kuch basic legal rights hote hain:
- Apna arrest reason poochhne ka right.
- Bail apply karne ka right (depending on offence).
- Family/relative ko inform karne ka right.
- Legal aid (free lawyer) ka right under Article 39A.
- 24 ghante ke andar magistrate ke saamne present karna zaruri hai.
🔹Real-Life Example:
Ek aadmi par fraud ka case registered hua. Police ne usse ghar se arrest kiya, lekin arrest reason nahi bataya aur raat me lady constable ke bina uski wife ko bhi detain kar liya.
🔹 Ye poora arrest Section 46(4) ke violation me aata hai — illegal arrest.
🔹 Important Case Law:
D.K. Basu vs State of West Bengal (1997)
Supreme Court ne arrest ke dauran 11 safety guidelines diye, jisme likha gaya ki:
“Arrest ke dauran dignity maintain karna, information dena aur unnecessary force se bachna zaruri hai.”
🔹Difference Between Lawful & Unlawful Arrest:
| Basis | Lawful Arrest | Unlawful Arrest |
|---|---|---|
| Reason | Proper legal ground | No valid reason |
| Information | Police informs reason | No information given |
| Force | Limited, necessary | Excessive or violent |
| Procedure | Within 24 hours to magistrate | Delayed or hidden custody |
| Rights | Maintained | Violated |
🔹NyayNeeti Advice:
Agar aapko arrest kiya ja raha hai –
- Calm rahiye, resist mat kijiye.
- Reason aur section poochhiye.
- Family ko inform karne ki demand kijiye.
- Lawyer se contact karein.
- Agar illegal arrest ho, to Human Rights Commission ya District Legal Services Authority me complaint karein.
🔹Summary Table:
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Section Number | 46 CrPC |
| Law Type | Criminal Procedure Code |
| Subject | Procedure of arrest |
| Key Point | Arrest must be lawful, reasonable & respectful |
| Special Protection | Women can’t be arrested at night |
| Punishment for Violation | Disciplinary + legal action against police |
| Purpose | To protect citizens from misuse of power |
