Hindu Succession Act, 1956
Section 15 – Succession in Case of Female Hindu
🔹 Short Note (Hindi)
Section 15 batata hai ki agar ek Hindu mahila bina will (वसीयत) ke mar jati hai, to uski property kaun-kis क्रम में payega. Ye section female ke rishtedaro ke order of succession decide karta hai.
🔹 Detailed Explanation (English + Hindi)
Section 15 deals with how the property of a female Hindu devolves after her death if she dies intestate (without making a will).
Is section me do important logic hain:
- Property ka nature aur source matter karta hai
- Heirs ka priority order fixed hai
Yadi ek Hindu woman apni property bina will ke chhod kar merti hai, to uski property ye order follow karegi:
🔹 Main Conditions (Content)
🔹 Section 15(1): General Rule of Succession
Female Hindu ki self-acquired property in order se transfer hoti hai:
- Pati aur bachche (sons, daughters, including children of predeceased son or daughter)
- Husband’s heirs (pati ke rishtedaar)
- Maa-baap
- Father ke heirs
- Mother ke heirs
🔹 Section 15(2): Special Rule (Property Source-Based)
Agar property parents se inherited hai:
- Wo sirf mother/father ke heirs ko jayegi — husband’s family ko nahi.
Agar property husband ya sasural se inherited hai:
- Wo sirf husband ke heirs ko jayegi — parents ke family ko nahi.
🔹 Legal Meaning (Simple Terms)
Agar ek Hindu mahila bina will ke mar jati hai, to uski property sabse pehle uske pati aur bachchon ko milegi. Agar wo nahi hain, to sasural ke rishtedaro ko. Agar sasural wale bhi na ho, to phir maa-baap aur unke family ko property jayegi.
But agar property uske maayke se mili hai, to wo husband side me nahi jayegi, balki parents’ side me hi rahegi.
🔹 Example
Neha ki death ho jati hai bina will ke.
- Uska husband aur ek beti hai → dono ko property milegi (Sec 15(1)(a)).
Agar Neha apne father ki property inherit karke merti hai aur koi child ya husband nahi hai:
- Property paternal family ko jayegi, husband ke rishtedar ko nahi (Sec 15(2)(a)).
🔹 Key Legal Points
- Succession rules male aur female ke liye alag hain
- Husband and children get first priority
- Parents get property only after husband’s heirs
- Source-based devolution is unique feature
- Inherited property returns to original lineage
🔹 Nyay Neeti Advice
- Mahila agar apni property kisi specific heir ko dena chahti hai, to will banana zaroori hai
- Family disputes avoid karne ke liye succession planning karein
- Parents ki taraf se aayi property automatically sasural me transfer nahi hoti
- Females ke inheritance rights strong hain, par unki property ke transfer ke rules specific hote hain
🔹 Summary Table
| Property Type | First Heirs | Next Priority | Law Applied |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-acquired | Husband & Children | Husband’s Heirs | Sec 15(1) |
| From Parents | Parents’ Heirs | Not Husband’s Heirs | Sec 15(2)(a) |
| From Husband | Husband’s Heirs | Not Parents’ Heirs | Sec 15(2)(b) |
